Constitutional Law Issues Issue Equal Protection Issue First Amendment Issue Standing Issue Eleventh Amendment: Sovereign Immunity Issue State Action Issue Takings Clause Issue Commerce Clause Issue Preemption Issue Ripeness Issue Tenth Amendment: Commandeering Issue Congressional Authorization Issue Congressional vs. Executive Action Issue Contracts Clause Issue Delegation of Legislative Powers Issue Presidential Authority Issue Privileges and Immunities Clause Issue Supremacy Clause Issue Taxing and Spending Power Issue Thirteenth Amendment Issue State Sovereign Immunity (11th Amendment) Issue Third-Party & Organizational Standing Issue Advisory Opinions, Ripeness, & Mootness Issue Legislative Powers: Commerce Clause Issue Legislative Powers: Commerce Clause & Regulation of Issue Intrastate Activities Issue Legislative Powers: Taxing Power Issue Legislative Powers: Spending Power Issue Executive Powers: Domestic Powers Issue Executive Powers: Treaty and Foreign Affairs Powers Issue Delegation of Congressional Powers & Non-Delegation Issue Doctrine Issue State Immunity from Federal Law (10th Amendment) Issue Negative Commerce Clause Issue Incorporation Doctrine Issue Prohibition Against Involuntary Servitude Issue Substantive Due Process Issue Procedural Due Process Issue Equal Protection: Inability to Pay Filing Fees Issue Takings (5th Amendment) Issue Zoning Ordinances/Spot Zoning Issue Vested Rights Doctrine Issue First Amendment – Protections Provided Issue Freedom of Religion: Establishment Clause Issue Freedom of Religion: Free Exercise Clause Issue Freedom of Speech: Content-Based vs. Content-Neutral Issue Restrictions Issue Freedom of Speech: Prior Restraint Issue Freedom of Speech: Public Forum Issue Freedom of Speech: Designated Public Forum Issue Freedom of Speech: Non-Public Forum & Limited Public Forum Issue Freedom of Speech: Licensing Requirements for Speech in Public Forums Issue Freedom of Speech: Regulation of Expressive Conduct Issue Freedom of Speech: Regulation of Commercial Speech Issue Freedom of Speech: Government Employees Issue Freedom of Speech: Corporate & Union Political Issue Expenditures Issue Freedom of Speech: Vague & Overbroad Laws Issue Unprotected Speech: Obscenity Issue Freedom of Association Essays Essay 2019 July – Question 2 Essay 2018 July – Question 5 Essay 2018 February – Question 2 Essay 2016 July – Question 4 Essay 2015 July – Question 6 Essay 2014 February – Question 5 Essay 2013 July – Question 2 Essay 2012 February – Question 2 Essay 2011 February – Question 2 Essay 2010 February – Question 5 Essay 2009 July – Question 4 Essay 2008 July – Question 2 Essay 2007 July – Question 4 Essay 2007 February – Question 5 Essay 2006 July – Question 2 Essay 2006 February – Question 3 Essay 2005 February – Question 1 Essay 2004 July – Question 2 Essay 2004 February – Question 5 Essay 2003 February – Question 5 Essay 2002 February – Question 5 Essay 2001 July – Question 4 Essay 2000 July – Question 4 Interviews Interview Standing Interview First Amendment Interview Taking Interview Equal Protection Interview Due Process Interview Dormant Commerce Clause